B

Balanced chemical equation     If ever you write a chemical eqaution using symbols it MUST be balanced. That means that there must be the same number of each kind of atom on either side of the equation.

Basalt     An igneous rock which cooled quickly from magma. The rapid cooling (perhaps under water) caused it to have small crystals.

Base     A substance that will neutralise an acid is called a base. When an acid reacts with a base, a salt and water is formed. If a base is soluble in water, it is called an alkali.

Biological weathering     Rocks can be broken down in many ways. Biological weathering is the breakdown of rocks by biological action. A good example is where the roots of plants growing in cracks in rocks causes them to split..

Boiling     When boiling, a liquid is evaporating as fast as it can. If you look at a boiling liquid (careful!) you will see that it is forming bubbles in the body of the liquid.

Boiling point     This is the maximum temperature a liquid can achieve. For water, the boiling point is 100^oC (at standard atmospheric pressure). Pure liquids have a single steady boiling point.

Boiling point range     In the fractional distillation of crude oil, the substances are collected in groups (fractions) according to their boiling point range.

Bonds     There are three main kinds of bonds at GCSE level.

An ionic bond holds two ions (of opposite charge) together by electrostatic attraction. Ionic bonding occurs between a metal and a non-metal. A good example is sodium chloride.

A covalent bond uses a shared pair of electrons to hold two atoms together. This usually occurs between two non-metal atoms. There are covalent bonds between the atoms in ammonia.

A metallic bond is formed by a delocalised sea of electrons surrounding the very tightly packed metal atoms.

Brine     A solution of sodium chloride (common salt) in water is called brine.

Bubble     A bubble contains a gas. Bubbles in a liquid when it is boiling contain the vapour of that liquid. Bubbles of gas can be formed during a chemical reaction.

MORE WORDS AND DEFINITIONS WILL BE ADDED.

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