Frederick Herzberg - Hygiene and motivating factors

According to Herzberg motivating factors are split into two groups. Motivation is a two step process. Firstly you must meet basic hygiene factors, and from then on can motivate employees

1. Hygiene factors - salary and security. Improving these lowers dissatisfaction but doesn't improve motivation or satisfaction. Hygiene factors remove sources of unhappiness among workers, such as decent wages, working conditions, security and safety

2. Motivators - recognition, responsibility, work itself, achievement, advancement - these lead to increased motivation. Motivating factors can then be used to make workers happy, and feel a desire to exceed in their job, such as promotions, recognition and interesting work.

In reality most managers are trying to maximize the beneficial aspects and minimize those facts which de-motivate workers.