Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Exercise

When engaging in physical activity, the body undergoes immediate changes to meet the increased demands for energy and oxygen. The cardiovascular, respiratory, energy, and muscular systems respond to exercise to support the body's efforts.

Short-Term Effects of Exercise (During and Up to 36 Hours After):

Cardiovascular System:

During Exercise: Heart rate and stroke volume increase to deliver more oxygenated blood to working muscles.

Short-Term: Heart rate gradually returns to resting levels post-exercise.

Effects: Improved heart efficiency, increased blood flow, and lower blood pressure post-exercise.

Respiratory System:

During Exercise: Breathing rate and depth increase to supply oxygen to muscles and remove carbon dioxide.

Short-Term: Breathing rate gradually returns to resting levels after exercise.

Effects: Enhanced lung function, improved oxygen uptake, and removal of metabolic waste.

Cardio-Respiratory System:

During Exercise: Heart and lungs work together to deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide efficiently.

Short-Term: Enhanced coordination between cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Effects: Improved overall cardiorespiratory fitness and endurance.

Energy System:

During Exercise: Immediate energy demands are met through ATP-PC system and anaerobic glycolysis.

Short-Term: Re-synthesis of ATP and replenishment of glycogen stores occur post-exercise.

Effects: Increased energy availability, improved energy metabolism, and better energy utilisation.

Muscular System:

During Exercise: Muscles contract and relax to generate force and movement.

Short-Term: Muscle fatigue may occur due to depletion of energy stores and accumulation of metabolic by products.

Effects: Improved muscular strength, endurance, and efficiency.

Short-Term Effects (24 – 36 Hours After Exercise):

Tiredness and Fatigue: Due to energy depletion and metabolic waste accumulation.

Light-headedness: Temporary drop in blood pressure post-exercise.

Nausea: Occasional response to intense physical exertion or dehydration.

Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness (DOMS): Muscles may feel sore or stiff due to microscopic damage and inflammation post-exercise.

Understanding the immediate and short-term effects of exercise is essential for optimising performance, preventing injuries, and promoting overall health and well-being.