Suffering in Hinduism

This section explains the concept of Suffering in Hinduism. In Hinduism, suffering is seen as an inherent part of human existence. Hindus recognise that life in this world is fraught with challenges, both physical and mental, and they accept suffering as a natural aspect of the human condition. Rather than resisting or resenting suffering, they believe in acknowledging it and using it as an opportunity for spiritual growth. This acceptance helps individuals to move forward, understanding that suffering is temporary and can be overcome through personal development and spiritual practice.

Hindus also believe that suffering can arise from attachment to material possessions and desires. The physical and emotional pain that stems from attachment to the transient aspects of life is seen as a barrier to achieving moksha—liberation from the cycle of rebirth (samsara). To overcome this suffering, Hindus are encouraged to cultivate detachment from material things, understanding that true peace and happiness come from within and from spiritual realisation, rather than external possessions. Overcoming this attachment is not only essential for personal growth but also an integral part of one’s dharma, or righteous path in life.

By practising detachment and focusing on spiritual values, Hindus aim to transcend the suffering caused by desires and attachments, progressing towards the ultimate goal of moksha. In doing so, they believe they are also accumulating good karma, which further aids in their journey to liberation.

Ahimsa

Ahimsa is a foundational principle in Hinduism, often regarded as one of the highest virtues that all Hindus should strive to embody. The term ahimsa means non-violence or the absence of harm, and it extends not only to physical violence but also to mental and emotional harm. Hindus are encouraged to live their lives in a compassionate and caring way, refraining from causing pain or suffering to others, whether through words, actions, or thoughts.

For many Hindus, ahimsa is central to their understanding of how to live a morally and ethically sound life. It involves practising kindness, empathy, and respect for all living beings. Acts of charity, helping those in need, and showing compassion to animals and the environment are all expressions of ahimsa. By living according to this principle, Hindus contribute to the well-being of others and the wider community.

Importantly, ahimsa is also seen as a means to accumulate good karma, which brings Hindus closer to achieving moksha. By embodying non-violence in all aspects of life, they not only create a harmonious world around them but also further their own spiritual development. For many Hindus, ahimsa is considered the most important virtue, essential for breaking free from the cycle of samsara and attaining liberation.

Hindu Scriptures on Suffering

Hindu scriptures provide guidance and wisdom on the nature of suffering and how to respond to it. One of the most influential texts, the Mahabharata, addresses suffering and the moral duty of individuals in the face of it. In one key passage, it states:

“Do not do to another what you do not like to be done to yourself; that is the gist of the law – all other laws are variable.”
— Mahabharata 5.39

This verse encapsulates the concept of the Golden Rule, which is a common teaching across many world religions. In the context of Hinduism, it emphasises treating others with the same respect, kindness, and compassion that one would wish to receive. This teaching encourages Hindus to reflect on the impact of their actions on others and to act in ways that promote harmony and understanding.

For Hindus, this scripture is not only a moral guideline for interacting with others but also a tool for self-reflection. It encourages humility and empathy, particularly in relation to social hierarchies like the caste system. By acknowledging the suffering of others and understanding the circumstances that lead to suffering, Hindus are urged to act with humility and strive to reduce harm in their communities.

The principle outlined in this scripture also encourages Hindus to engage with others—especially those from different social classes or castes—with an attitude of respect and equality. By doing so, they work towards understanding the causes of suffering in society and take responsibility for their role in alleviating it. This fosters a sense of unity and collective responsibility within the Hindu community.

Conclusion

Suffering is an undeniable part of the human experience, and in Hinduism, it is understood as an opportunity for growth and spiritual development. Hindus accept suffering as part of life and seek to overcome it through detachment from material desires and by living according to the principles of dharma and ahimsa. The teachings in Hindu scriptures, such as the Mahabharata, guide Hindus in how to respond to suffering and interact with others, emphasising non-violence, empathy, and moral responsibility. Ultimately, by following these teachings, Hindus believe they can transcend suffering and achieve liberation from the cycle of rebirth, reaching the goal of moksha.