Marriage in Islam

This section explores marriage in Islam. In Islam, marriage is viewed as a sacred contract between a man and a woman, established by Allah. It is considered not just a social arrangement but a religious duty, providing a foundation for family life and ensuring emotional and social stability. Marriage is often seen as a way to create a loving, compassionate relationship and a place for companionship between spouses.

The Hadith (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad) emphasises the importance of marriage, describing it as a means to foster love and mutual respect between partners:
"There is nothing like marriage, for two who love one another."
This reflects the belief that marriage in Islam is not only a legal contract but also a spiritual bond.

Many Muslims believe that marriage is the foundation for a stable family life, which plays a key role in upholding Islamic values. Young men are especially encouraged to marry, as marriage is considered a significant step in fulfilling religious obligations:
"When a man marries, he has fulfilled half of his religion."
This is because marriage is viewed as an essential part of a Muslim’s life, helping them to develop spiritually, emotionally, and socially.

For many Muslims, marriage also has a procreative purpose. Having children is seen as a duty and a blessing from Allah. Choosing to remain unmarried and celibate is often discouraged, as it is thought to go against the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, who emphasised the importance of marriage and family life in Islam.

The Wedding Ceremony in Islam

The Islamic wedding ceremony, known as Nikah, is a significant and joyous event. It can take place in various locations such as a mosque, a hall, or even at home, and it typically involves several important steps:

The Venue: The ceremony takes place in a venue that is convenient for the families, often in a mosque or community hall.

The Imam: The ceremony is usually conducted by an imam (an Islamic religious leader) who officiates and guides the proceedings in front of two witnesses.

Mahr (Dowry): The groom offers a mahr (a pre-agreed dowry) to the bride, which could include money or jewellery. This gift symbolises respect for the wife and her role in the marriage.

The "Qubool" (I Accept): The bride and groom repeat the word “Qubool” (meaning "I accept") three times to indicate their agreement to the marriage.

The Nikah Khutbah: The imam recites verses from the Qur’an and delivers the Nikah Khutbah (wedding sermon), which includes advice on the responsibilities of marriage and the importance of mutual respect and love between spouses.

The Marriage Contract: The couple then signs a marriage contract, which formally binds them in matrimony under Islamic law.

The Walima (Marriage Banquet): After the ceremony, the couple and their families celebrate with a Walima (a marriage banquet), which is a festive gathering that marks the couple’s new union.

In the UK, same-sex marriages are legally recognised; however, according to Islamic teachings, a marriage contract is only valid between a man and a woman.

Polygamy in Islam

Polygamy, the practice of having more than one wife, is permitted under Islamic law, but only under certain conditions. While it is legal in some Muslim-majority countries, it is illegal in the UK. According to Islamic teachings, a man may marry up to four wives, provided he treats them equally and fairly. However, the practice is not encouraged and is subject to strict guidelines that ensure the welfare of the women involved.

In the UK, polygamy is not legally recognised, and any marriages entered into under Islamic law that are polygamous would not be officially recognised by UK civil law.

Divorce and Remarriage

In Islam, marriage is considered an unbreakable bond, but divorce is permitted if efforts to resolve marital issues fail. The Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad teaches:
"Marry and do not divorce; the throne of Allah shakes due to divorce."
This statement reflects the seriousness with which divorce is viewed in Islam. Divorce is regarded as a last resort, and Muslims are encouraged to make every effort to reconcile before considering it.

The Prophet Muhammad also stated:
"Of all the lawful acts, the most detestable to Allah is divorce."
Divorce is seen as a regrettable outcome, and couples are encouraged to work hard with the help of family and community to resolve their differences. For example, if a couple faces difficulties in their marriage, the Qur’an suggests:
"If you anticipate a split between them, appoint a mediator from his family and another from hers. If they desire reconciliation, Allah will restore harmony between them."
Qur'an 4:35
This reflects the importance of trying to resolve disputes peacefully and fairly, with the assistance of family members or community leaders.

If, after all efforts to reconcile, divorce remains the only option, it can be initiated verbally or in writing according to Sharia law. However, in the UK, a civil divorce is also necessary for the marriage to be legally dissolved.

Remarriage After Divorce

After a divorce, remarriage is permitted in Islam, and there are guidelines in the Qur’an to ensure fairness and the well-being of the individuals involved. The Qur'an states that divorced women should be provided with financial support (maintenance) by their former husbands, ensuring that they are cared for after the end of the marriage:
"For divorced women, maintenance must be given on a reasonable level. This is a duty on the righteous."
Qur'an 2:241

This teaching highlights the responsibility of the husband to provide financial support to his ex-wife, especially during the waiting period (known as iddah), which allows the woman to remarry if she chooses. The waiting period is also intended to ensure there is no confusion about paternity if the woman is pregnant.

Remarriage is viewed as an opportunity for a fresh start, and many Muslims believe that it can be a source of emotional healing and support after a divorce. However, both partners must approach remarriage with sincerity, ensuring that their intentions align with the values of Islam, and that the relationship is based on mutual respect, trust, and love.

In Islam, marriage is seen as a sacred contract with a deep spiritual, emotional, and social significance. It is a means of companionship, procreation, and fulfilling religious duties. The marriage ceremony (Nikah) is a formal process that involves several important rituals and teachings, emphasising the importance of mutual respect and commitment. Divorce, although allowed under certain circumstances, is viewed as a last resort, with reconciliation being the preferred option. Finally, remarriage after divorce is permitted, but with guidelines to ensure the well-being of all parties involved. Through these teachings, Islam underscores the importance of strong, loving, and responsible relationships within marriage and the family.