The Synagogue

This section explains the role of the Synagogue. A synagogue, which derives its name from the Hebrew word 'synagoge', meaning ‘bringing together’ or ‘assembly’, serves as a central place of worship, community gathering, and education in the Jewish faith. On the exterior of a synagogue, one often finds the Star of David, a widely recognised symbol of Judaism, and frequently, a menorah, a traditional candelabrum with seven branches, representing the seven days of creation.

The heart of the synagogue is the prayer hall, which is typically rectangular in shape. The seating is arranged on three sides, facing inwards towards the focal point of worship. Regardless of whether the synagogue is Orthodox or Reform, there are certain key features that are found in all synagogues, creating a consistent and sacred environment for prayer and learning.

Key Features of a Synagogue

One of the most important features of any synagogue is the aron hakodesh, a large cupboard or ark that is always placed facing towards Jerusalem, the holiest city in Judaism. This is considered the most sacred area within the synagogue and holds the Sefer Torah, the Torah scroll. The aron hakodesh symbolises the ark that once carried the tablets of the Ten Commandments, given to Moses on Mount Sinai. The Sefer Torah is handwritten by a scribe, and it is kept covered with a richly decorated cloth or mantle to protect it.

Above the aron hakodesh hangs the ner tamid, a light that never goes out, symbolising the eternal presence of God. The light is a reminder of the biblical commandment from the book of Exodus: "Keep the lamps burning before the Lord" (Exodus 27:21).

Another key feature is the bimah, a raised platform with a reading desk from which the Torah is read aloud to the congregation. In Orthodox synagogues, the bimah is typically placed in the centre of the prayer hall, while in Reform synagogues, it is often positioned closer to the aron hakodesh. The bimah symbolises the altar in the ancient Temple in Jerusalem, where sacrifices were offered in biblical times.

There are no images or statues of God or any human figures in the synagogue, as the Ten Commandments prohibit the worship of idols. This belief in the invisibility of God is central to Jewish theology, ensuring that no representations of the divine are made.

In Orthodox Jewish synagogues, men and women are seated in separate sections, with women often placed in a gallery or in a designated area. In contrast, Reform Jewish synagogues typically allow men and women to sit together during worship, promoting gender equality in the worship space.

Terminology in the Synagogue

Orthodox Jews often refer to the synagogue as ‘shul’, a Yiddish word meaning ‘school’, highlighting the educational aspect of the building. Reform Jews, on the other hand, may refer to it as a ‘temple’, a term that reflects their emphasis on the synagogue as a central institution for worship and community.

What Happens in a Synagogue?

A synagogue is not just a place of prayer, but also a central hub for Jewish community life. Jews believe in the importance of communal prayer, and for certain prayers to be said, a minimum of ten people, known as a minyan, must be present. This reflects the belief that prayer said with others is more powerful and meaningful.

The synagogue also serves as an educational institution, offering classes in Hebrew, Jewish history, and religious texts. For young people, synagogues often host youth clubs and social events, helping to foster a sense of community and connection with their faith. Additionally, synagogues are central locations for charity events and fundraising, supporting both local and global Jewish causes. They play a vital role in the spiritual, social, and educational life of Jewish communities.

The synagogue remains a sacred and versatile institution within Jewish life, providing a space for worship, learning, and community interaction. Whether for prayer, education, or social events, it remains a pillar of Jewish practice and tradition.