This section shows links to revision materials Biology B1 and B2 (Core Science) for the OCR Gateway Science exam - J261

Biology

B1 - Understanding organisms

• Fitness and health
  • - Blood pressure and how to measure it
  • - Fitness and its link to blood pressure.
  • - Types of fitness (Higher only)
  • - Causes of heart disease
  • - Symptoms of heart disease
  • - Effects of high blood pressure
• Proteins carbohydrates and fats
  • - Uses of macronutrients
  • - Food tests
  • - Components of a balanced diet
• Obesity and deficiency
  • - Causes of obesity
  • - Effects of dietary deficiency
  • - Prevention of obesity and deficiency
• Pathogens and causes of disease
  • - Types of pathogen
  • - Classification of disease by pathogen
  • - How diseases are spread
• Prevention of Disease
  • - Hygiene
  • - Healthy diet and it’s link to prevention of disease
  • - Vaccination
• Cancer and non infectious disease
  • - Types of cancer
  • - Causes of cancer including carcinogens and genetic effects
  • - Lifestyle and cancer risk
  • - Treatments for cancer
  • - Difference between benign and malignant tumours.
• Immunisation and testing of drugs
  • - History of vaccines
  • - Social issues with vaccination
  • - Herd immunity
  • - How drugs can be used to fight disease
  • - How vaccines work.
• The eye and senses
  • - The five senses
  • - How the eye works
  • - Structure of the eye
  • - Binocular vision
  • - Long and short sightedness
  • - Use of lenses to correct vision
• Nervous system and structure
  • - Structure of neurones
  • - The reflex arc
  • - Function of neurones
  • - Reaction times
• Drugs
  • - Legal versus illegal drugs
  • - Harmful nature of all drugs
  • - Social issues surrounding use of drugs
  • - Key words associated with drugs
• Smoking
  • - Effects of smoking
  • - Long term consequences of smoking
  • - Timeline of understanding about smoking and cancer link
  • - Carcinogens
  • - Statistics associated with cigarette smoking
• Alcohol
  • - Effects of alcohol on the body
  • - Consequences of drinking alcohol.
  • - Drink driving
  • - Statistics associated with alcohol
• Homeostasis
  • - Definition of homeostasis
  • - Maintenance of body temperature, water level and blood sugar.
  • - Negative feedback
  • - Importance of homeostasis
  • - What happens when homeostasis goes wrong
• Insulin and diabetes
  • - Causes of diabetes
  • - Symptoms of diabetes
  • - Hormones vs nerves
  • - How insulin works
  • - Type 1 and type 2 diabetes
• Plant Growth
• Plant Hormones and commerncial uses
• Inheritance
  • - Causes of variation
  • - Chromosomes, DNA and genes
  • - Inheritance vs environment
• Inheritance and chromosomes (Higher Tier only)
  • - Dominant and recessive alleles
  • - Monohybrid crosses
  • - Punnet squares
  • - Phenotype and genotype
• Genetic disease
  • - Cystic fibrosis
  • - Inheritance of simple genetic diseases
  • - Effects of genetic disease
  • - Genetic modification to eliminate disease

B2 - Understanding our environment

• Classification
  • - The variety of living things.
  • - Classification and classification systems
  • - Evolutionary relationships
  • - Evolutionary trees
  • - Species
  • - Variation between species
• Energy flow
  • - Food chains, webs, pyramids of number
  • - Energy loss in food chains
  • - Energy flow through food chains and webs
  • - Excretory products
• Recycling
  • - Carbon cycle
  • - Decay and decomposition
  • - Nitrogen fixing
  • - Uses of nitrogen
  • - The nitrogen cycle
• Interdependence
  • - Predator prey relationships
  • - Cleaner species mutualism
  • - Parasitism
• Adaptations
  • - The changing environment
  • - Adaptations to environment
  • - Habitats
  • - Predator/prey relationships
• Natural selection
  • - Extinction
  • - Evolution
• Population and pollution
  • - Human population and carbon footprint
  • - Global warming
  • - Ozone depletion
  • - Acid rain
• Sustainability
  • - Sustainable development
  • - Conservation